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EXCAVATION AT KHAURAHO, DISTT. CHHATARPUR

Exacavation were carried out in the years 1980-81 to 1989

As under : In the year 1980-81

Excavations at the largest mound (65 m x 40 m), situated about a kilometre to the east of the western group of temples, yielded the remains of a wall perhaps the prakara of the temple, built of undressed boulders of quartzite. On the top of the mound to the north-east was exposed a ruined shrine with a flight of steps on the east, apart from a brick-built courtyard. Similar burnt brick platform was encountered in the mid-level of the mound; a makara-mukha pranala was found near by. Important finds include sandstone sculpture of Uma-Mahesvara, beads of terracotta, agate and carnelian, a few pieces of copper rings, carved stones and pillar fragments.

In the year 1981-82 the year's work has brought to light a brick structural complex. It is built over an uneven outcrop of granite bed-rock, a common feature seen in the case of many temples of Khajuraho. The uneven surface is levelled up with stone flakes, rubble and clay. Over this levelled sole a brick jagati has been raised up to a height of about one metre. Over this common jagati a number of shrines had been erected. Present excavation has revealed three such shrines, each with an adhisthana, 2 m high; while two are tri-ratha on plan, the third is apsidal on plan. All the three shrines are facing the east. The first shrine, with its adhisthana intact, shows remnants of brick walls of the superstructure.

The structure also gives an idea of a flight of steps leading to the sanctum from the jagati. The sanctum has a stump embedded in the centre which looks like a rectangular yoni-pitha on plan, and rises slightly above the sanctum floor. This stump is composed of soft bluish-black clay with rubble embedded in it. It is 1.4 m square with a projection of 1 X O.60 m towards east.

The second stump has been partly exposed down to the bottom. It is raised to a height of 2.5 m from the base of the adhisthana and is encased in the brick adhisthana. The superstructure of the shrine is completely lost.

The third structure retains only a couple of courses of bricks of its northern arm showing the apsidal nature of its plan. The other portions of the adhisthana are completely lost, most probably due to brick-robbing. Another brick structure abutting the eastern side of the three shrines and running north-south may indicate a sort of passage between these three shrines. Yet another wall-like brick structure is found slightly away from the jagati on its western side, the nature of which is yet to be ascertained.

A good number of fragments of sandstone sculptures (mostly of small size) and architectural members have been recovered. The architectural fragments include lintels, pilasters, door-jambs and door-sills. They are variously sculptured and decorated with the figures of musicians, dancers, dvara-palas, Ganga and Yamuna, and geometric decorative designs. On stylistic ground, these pieces are assignable to the Chandella period.

This year's excavation gives an indication of three phases of activity, the first phase of which may be assigned to the early Chandella, if not slightly pre-Chandella period.

In the year 1982-83 excavations revealed a brick platform towards north and the pradakshina-patha wall exposed earlier, was further exposed twelve metres in length. The important find was a small shrine, encased with stone slabs depicting a female figure standing in tribhanga mudra, situated on the back side of pradakshinapatha wall and towards west of the platform.

In the year 1985-86 excavation revealed that the uneven surface of bedrock was levelled with well-levigated black soil mixed with stone-flakes and brickbats for the foundation of the superstructure.