SCIENTIFIC CLEARANCE AND EXPOSITION OF LAL BAGH, MANDU, DISTT. DHAR

The Lal Bagh area is situated southe of the Caravan Sarai and east and South East of Dai Ki Chhoti Bahan Ka Mahal. The area is having a bilateral symmetrically arrangment of terraces (platforms) interspersed by water channels besides tanks and cascades facing each other. The exposition of the water channels not only showed a system of channels on four directions but also fountains along all the four directions besides the central fountain on date 10/05/09. The present evidence appears to hint that the water was being supplied from the Sagar Tank located on the west through a system of tanks and terracotta pipes which however has to be outlined. The western most extant structure is known from two walls of a room standing isolated in the south part of the extant structure. From the west side a lime cemented broad shallow channel which provides water to a rectangular tank which further provides water by pipes to two tanks set perpendicularly to the rectangular tank. Between the enclosure of three tanks at a lower level there is a room like structure with a broad enterance opposite the long rectangular tank. On three inner sides of the room there are small cubicles of thin bricks built by placing the bricks vertically and horizontally to form boxes. There are small openings from the upper tanks which trickled down from the multiple surfaces of the many cubicles on each sides. From there the water is collected to the tank within the room and it overflows from here from the enterance side of the room to a broad shallow channel in the open towards the east and to further east into a shallow tank with a convoluted ornate design on its sides. The stucco ornamental work is superimposed by stone carved surface. From this tank water flows into another tank much smaller in size but deeper and this tank has vertical and horizontal thin bricks forming cubicles but on the outside. Again perhaps water crept over this brick built boxes and crept down. Towards further east the broad water channel of lime concrete is seen and on 10/05/09 evidence of fountains were found here. The evidence shows iron pipes which was supplied water by terracotta pipes placed horizontally. In the intersection of the channel also there is a fountain were found further east as well as from the intersection both towards, North and South side. At the south end there is a raised platform with small tanks in steps that supply water below to the cascade. ( The cascade is of lime stucco work) A similar structure is seen on the north but the cascade there of is missing. However further north evidence of the broad water channel was noticed which is being supplied water from the cascade further north which has an opening pipe to the east, perhaps water was being supplied through it. This channel below however does not have fountain. It seems there was an addition of obstruction placed later by patches of etching /pecking seen on the channel about 1.5m from the cascade. Towards further east of the main line of channel being described earlier the water is stopped by a structure and by a crevice it is allowed to go into a lower channel again containing fountains. On both sides of the channel there is a higher terrace on each platform both having a tank which supplies water to the cubicle like structures between the higher terrace and platform. Evidently there are some water supply mechanism collects the water coming dowm from the higher terrace but the evidence of it is missing presently in the filling up pf the soil of the lower platform terrace. The channel mentioned earlieris confronted by a terrace further east and the channel splits into two parts and surrounds the terrace on the three side. The fourth side is flanked by the boundary wall on the east. The boundary wall is also having a terraced structure at the north east side presently only bare traces of the horizontal floor between the two wall thickness is seen . The lower floor has multi- cusped arches design on the front portion of the smaller wall. There is a staircase on each side of this garden area possibly going towards bastions on both sides ie northeast corner and south east corner. On the southeast corner there is some evidence that the debris hides a former bastion. And it is possible that the floor mentioned between two walls may as well have been pathway portion connecting the two bastions. Another interesting feature is the presence of a tank outside the wall to which water used to flow from the shallow broad channels mentioned earlier. It is also possible that the water so collected was recycled into the water works by using of Persian wheel by which water was lifted to a particular height and supplied again at least to some part of the water works while fresh water also used to come from the Sagar Tank. This is very much possible as only water recycling cannot account for the many water works and resultant seepages to structures, leakages from pipes and evaporation losses from cascades and cubicle surfaces. It was noticed that besides the open channels and pipes clearly visible and the underground terracotta pipes supplying water for the fountains there were other narrow open channels for example on the outer side of the eastern wall and small channels running through the walls at various heights.

It is necessary that the photo recording of the various features, drawings of the same and the lower and upper levels of the extant features is recorded vis a vis a fixed bench mark. These include:

  • Plaster levels highest portion available lowest portion available.
  • Some of the terraces top have in-situ coping stones of limestone which were actually found intact at the site, while at the same time much of the terraces restored now are on the basis of these evidences the original stones found should be marked as such and the top levels noted vis a vis the fixed bench mark.
  • Similarly the plinth lime stone slabs of the room with only two extant walls have been found in situ but with undulations. The level of the limestone plinth having broad leaf like decorations underneath should be taken from all sides.
  • Edges of wall plaster and turning of the floor - even though floor may not be existing now the junction of wall and evidence of the floor at its top level should be recorded vis a vis the fixed bench mark.
  • The levels of the channels base at the start and the end at each segment should be recorded so also the tanks lowest levels and presently available top extant portion should also be recorded.
  • Similarly the pipes and narrow channels all attributes of the levels should be recorded for analyzing the direction of water flow.

The edifice nearer to the road to Rupmati Mahal has been mentioned Lal Bagh II is also being conserved by building of arches as per the earlier pattern. This structure also had an elaborate water works including cascades and open channels and a spiral channel design on the north eastern part of the building and southeastern part of the building but the cascade is not visible in the latter portion. It is possible that the debris clearance may yield the evidence of water works. A large scale project could be envisaged for clearance of the large tank east of the Sagar Talao and also the Stop Dam east of the Dai ka Mahal. This will be beneficial not only in increasing the sustainability of water resources at Mandu but also will be an added attraction for the tourist interest, while academically the scholars would gain insight to the source and controlling of the water works at Lal Bagh and Lal Bagh II which also has bearing in the revival of ancient/medieval water works in public interest.